By Enyeribe Ejiogu
The heart is like the engine of the human body. Just like a car loses mechanical power to move when the engine is switched off, the same happens to the body when the heart shuts down, and death occurs within minutes as oxygen is cut off from cells and tissues. From the moment the heart of a foetus in the womb begins to beat, it continues to do so for life, even if the person lives as long as Methuselah. But in some instances, the heart can suddenly stop beating as a result of what doctors call heart attack.
A heart attack happens when the flow of oxygenated blood (i.e. blood rich in oxygen) to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart can’t get oxygen. If blood flow isn’t restored quickly, the section of heart muscle begins to die.
In most cases, what causes heart attack is coronary heart disease (CHD). It is also called coronary artery disease. CHD is a condition in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries, leading to a condition called atherosclerosis. These arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart. The buildup of plaque occurs over many years.
Eventually, an area of plaque can rupture (break open) inside of an artery. This causes a blood clot to form on the plaque’s surface. If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block blood flow through a coronary artery.
If the blockage isn’t treated quickly, the portion of heart muscle fed by the artery begins to die. Healthy heart tissue is replaced with scar tissue. This heart damage may not be obvious, or it may cause severe or long-lasting problems.
Heart attack is a life a life-threatening emergency that has often resulted in death. It all too often happens so fast without prior warning or at best the person may feel an early sign, which the victim terribly misinterprets and dismisses as a minor transient incident.
Surprisingly, a number of ordinary things have been identified as possible causes of heart attack. Please on…
Lack of sleep
You’ll feel grumpy and tired if you don’t get enough sleep on a regular basis, but it can raise your risk of a heart attack, too. In one study, researchers found that people who usually slept fewer than 6 hours a night were twice as likely to have a heart attack as those who slept 6 to 8. Doctors aren’t sure exactly why this is, but they do know that losing sleep can raise your blood pressure and lead to inflammation. Neither of those is good for your heart.
Migraine headaches
People who get these are more likely to have a heart attack later in life than those who don’t. And ones that include auras -strange sights, sounds, or feelings that start before the headache hits – seem to have a stronger link to heart problems.
Cold weather
It’s a shock to the system. Being outside in the winter months can cause your arteries to narrow, making it harder for blood to reach your heart. On top of that, your heart has to work harder to keep your body warm. If you’re concerned about it, play it smart in cold temperatures, and limit heavy physical activity, like snow shoveling.
Air pollution and car exhaust
Heart attacks are more common when air pollution levels are high. People who breathe dirty air on a regular basis are more likely to have clogged arteries and heart disease. Sitting in traffic may be especially dangerous, because it can combine car fumes with anger or frustration.
A big, heavy meal
Think twice before going back for seconds or thirds — it may hurt more than your waistline. When you eat large amounts of food in one sitting, it leads to higher levels of the stress hormone norepinephrine in your body. That can raise your blood pressure and heart rate, and it may trigger heart attacks in some people. Very fatty meals can also cause a sudden jump in a kind of fat in your blood, and that may temporarily damage some blood vessels as well.
Strong emotions, whether negative or positive
Anger, grief, and stress are known triggers of heart problems, but joyful events can sometimes lead to a heart attack as well. It can be triggered by the kind of emotions that go along with a surprise birthday party, a wedding, or the birth of a grandchild.
Sudden or intense exertion
Getting in shape will protect your heart in the long run, but doing too much could be dangerous. About six per cent of heart attacks are triggered by extreme physical effort. And while you’ve probably heard that exercise is a good way to relieve stress, it’s especially important not to overdo it when you’re angry or upset.
A cold or the flu
When your immune system fights off a bug, it can cause inflammation that can damage your heart and arteries. In one study, people with respiratory infections were twice as likely to have a heart attack. But their risk level went back to normal after they’d been clear of the infection a few weeks. Heart attack rates are also higher during flu outbreaks — another good reason to get your flu shot.
Asthma
Your chances of having a heart attack go up about 70 per cent if you have this lung disease. Even if you use an inhaler to keep it under control, your risk is still higher than normal. Because of your asthma, you also may tend to ignore chest tightness, which can be an early sign of a heart attack. Doctors don’t know if breathing problems trigger heart attacks or if they simply have a common cause: inflammation.
Getting out of bed in the morning
Heart attacks are more common in the morning. Your brain floods your body with hormones to help you wake up, and that puts some extra stress on your heart. You may also be dehydrated after a long sleep, which can make your heart work harder, too.
Natural or manmade disasters
Studies have shown that heart attack rates go up after major disasters like earthquakes or terrorist attacks. And not just immediately following them, but even up to a few years later. You may not be able to avoid these kinds of situations, but you can do things to manage your stress afterward, like make sure you get enough rest and exercise.
Sex
Like many forms of exercise, sexual activity has been linked to an increase in heart attack risk. But it’s a very small one, especially if you’re physically fit and in good health. For most people, sex can and should be an important — and healthy — part of life. But talk to your doctor if you have concerns.
Spectator sports
Playing sports can possibly trigger a heart attack — and watching them can, too. In 2006, heart attacks in Germany spiked during the national team’s World Cup soccer games. And after the 1980 Super Bowl, fatal heart attacks were up in Los Angeles after the Rams lost. But they were down after the 1984 Super Bowl, when the L.A. Raiders won.
Again, on September 12, 2009, at the Dan Anyiam Stadium in Owerri, the Imo State capital, a staunch fan of Heartland Football Club, (name withheld by us) suffered heart attack when the club scored a goal just before the end of the match. The tension-soaked match between the beloved home team and T.P Mazembe Club was so important for Heartland FC as a loss would have knocked it out of the chase for the continental trophy.To make matters worse, TP Mazembe scored first early in the match, thus cancelling the away goal scored against it by Heartland in the first encounter. So Heartland fans were on edge as their team fought hard to forestall more goals by the hard-fighting Mazembe team. So when Heartland scored at the last minute and thereby knocked out the opponents on points aggregate, the fan screamed “goooaaal…”, then he slumped. It took more than 30 minutes to get him out of the overcrowded stadium and another 45 minutes or more before doctors at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri could attend to him. By then he was already in coma. He died three days later.
Alcohol
A drink a day seems to help protect your heart against disease, but heavy drinking may do just the opposite. Over time, that can raise your blood pressure, increase certain kinds of bad cholesterol, and lead to weight gain — all of which can hurt your heart. There also can be short-term consequences: A single night of binge drinking can raise your risk of heart attack over the next week, according to one study.
Coffee
Just like alcohol, coffee has its pluses and minuses. Caffeine makes your blood pressure go up for a short time, and that can trigger an attack, especially if you don’t drink it regularly or are at risk for other reasons. Overall, though, coffee seems to be good for your heart. People who have 3 to 5 cups a day tend to have less plaque in their arteries – and that’s a good thing.
► Adapted from Webmd.com with additional materials
